When it comes to pain relief for common conditions such as headache, menstrual cramps, backache, toothache, and arthritis, most people rely on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Two of the most popular and effective NSAIDs are ibuprofen and naproxen, both of which are available over-the-counter and by prescription. While they share some similarities, there are also some significant differences between the two drugs.
Difference in chemical composition
Both ibuprofen and naproxen belong to the same class of NSAIDs called propionic acids. However, they have different chemical structures which gives them different properties and potency. Ibuprofen is a weaker NSAID and belongs to Class I, while naproxen is a more powerful NSAID and belongs to Class II.
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is also known as Advil and Motrin. It has a half-life of about 2 hours and is eliminated from the body mostly via the kidneys. It works by inhibiting the activity of COX enzymes which are responsible for the production of prostaglandins that cause inflammation, pain, and fever. Ibuprofen is available in various forms including oral tablets, capsules, and liquid suspension. It is also used for fever reduction.
Naproxen
Naproxen is also known as Aleve and Naprosyn. It has a half-life of about 12-17 hours and is eliminated from the body mostly via the liver. It works by blocking the production of prostaglandins by inhibiting both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Naproxen is available in various forms including oral tablets, delayed-release tablets, and liquid suspension. It is also used for auto-immune conditions like ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis.
Indications and dosage
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is commonly used to relieve mild to moderate pain and inflammation associated with different conditions such as musculoskeletal pain, menstrual pain, headache, and fever. The usual adult dosage is 200mg to 400mg every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed 1200mg per day. The dosage for children and babies is based on their weight and age. It is recommended to take ibuprofen with food or milk to avoid stomach upset.
Naproxen
Naproxen is used for the same conditions as ibuprofen but it is more potent and its effect lasts longer. It is also used for more severe types of pain and inflammation. The usual adult dosage is 250mg to 500mg every 12 hours, not to exceed 1000mg per day. The dosage for children and babies is also based on their weight and age. It is advisable to take naproxen with food or milk to avoid stomach upset. Extended-release tablets should not be crushed, broken, or chewed. It is not recommended for use for pregnant women in the third trimester.
Safety and side effects
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is generally safe when taken as directed. However, it can cause some unwanted effects such as:
- Stomach upset, pain, and cramping
- Diarrhea
- Heartburn
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Rash and hives
- Fluid retention and swelling
- High blood pressure
- Increased risk of heart attack and stroke
- Kidney damage or failure
Naproxen
Naproxen is also relatively safe when taken as directed. However, it can cause some unwanted side effects such as:
- Stomach upset, pain, and cramping
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Heartburn
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Rash and hives
- Fluid retention and swelling
- High blood pressure
- Increased risk of heart attack and stroke
- Kidney damage or failure
- Severe allergic reactions
Drug interactions
Both ibuprofen and naproxen can interact with other medications and cause unwanted effects or reduce their effectiveness. It is important to tell the doctor and pharmacist about all the drugs you are taking or plan to take, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and vitamins. Some of the drugs that can interact with ibuprofen and naproxen include:
- Anticoagulants like warfarin and heparin
- Aspirin and other NSAIDs
- Corticosteroids
- Diuretics
- Lithium
- Methotrexate
- Probenecid
- ACE inhibitors and ARBs
Comparison table
| Drug | Ibuprofen | Naproxen |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical composition | Class I NSAID, weak potency | Class II NSAID, strong potency |
| Half-life | 2 hours | 12-17 hours |
| Elimination | Primarily by the kidneys | Primarily by the liver |
| Indications | Mild to moderate pain relief, fever reduction | Relief of more severe pain and inflammation, autoimmune conditions |
| Dosage | 200mg to 400mg every 4 to 6 hours, not to exceed 1200mg per day | 250mg to 500mg every 12 hours, not to exceed 1000mg per day |
Which one is better?
The choice between ibuprofen and naproxen depends on several factors such as the severity of pain, the individual’s age and weight, the presence of underlying medical conditions, and the medications taken. For mild to moderate pain or fever, ibuprofen is usually sufficient and easier on the stomach. For more severe pain, naproxen may provide better and longer-lasting relief. However, both drugs have similar safety profiles and side effects.
Conclusion
Ibuprofen and naproxen are two of the most popular and effective NSAIDs used for pain and inflammation relief. They work by inhibiting the activity of COX enzymes and the production of prostaglandins. Both drugs also have similar side effects and drug interactions. However, naproxen is more potent and long-lasting compared to ibuprofen. Always follow the doctor’s or pharmacist’s instructions on how to take these drugs and seek medical attention if you experience any unwanted effects.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- What is the difference between ibuprofen and naproxen?
Ibuprofen is a weaker NSAID and belongs to Class I, while naproxen is a more powerful NSAID and belongs to Class II. Naproxen is also more potent and long-lasting compared to ibuprofen. - Which one should I use for pain relief?
The choice between ibuprofen and naproxen depends on several factors such as the severity of pain, the individual’s age and weight, the presence of underlying medical conditions, and the medications taken. For mild to moderate pain or fever, ibuprofen is usually sufficient and easier on the stomach. For more severe pain, naproxen may provide better and longer-lasting relief. - What are the side effects of ibuprofen and naproxen?
Both ibuprofen and naproxen can cause stomach upset, pain, and cramping, diarrhea, heartburn, headache, dizziness, rash and hives, fluid retention and swelling, high blood pressure, increased risk of heart attack and stroke, and kidney damage or failure. - What should I avoid while taking ibuprofen or naproxen?
You should avoid alcohol, smoking, and other NSAIDs during the treatment with ibuprofen or naproxen. You should also tell the doctor and pharmacist about all the drugs you are taking or plan to take, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and vitamins. - Can I take ibuprofen or naproxen if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?
It is not recommended to use ibuprofen or naproxen during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. It is also not recommended to use them while breastfeeding. Consult the doctor for alternative pain and fever relief options.