What is isotretinoin made of?

Isotretinoin, known by its brand name Accutane, is a popular medication prescribed to treat severe acne. But have you ever wondered what it’s actually made of? Lucky for you, we’re about to dive deep into the chemistry of isotretinoin!

A Brief Overview

Before we get too technical here, let’s start with some basics. Isotretinoin is a retinoid that was first approved by the FDA in 1982 for the treatment of severe nodular acne. It works by reducing sebum production and decreasing inflammation in the skin.

Now on to more exciting things…

Chemical Composition

Ready for some chemical jargon? Here goes nothing: isotretinoin has a chemical formula C20H28O2, which means it contains 20 carbon atoms, 28 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. Exciting stuff!

But wait…there’s more! Isotretinoin also belongs to a class of compounds called cyclohexenes due to its six-membered ring structure. Cyclohexenes are organic molecules that contain both carbon-carbon double bonds and rings consisting of six carbon atoms.

How Is It Synthesized?

The synthesis process for isotretinoin involves several chemical reactions starting with an intermediate molecule called geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). This molecule undergoes cyclization and can yield different products depending on reaction conditions.

One such product is all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), which is then converted into isotretinoin through oxidation and other modifications. Sounds simple enough right? Don’t try this at home kids!

Mechanism Of Action

So how does this compound work wonders on your zits? Well,it has multiple mechanisms-of-action but We’ll touch upon one important mechanism of action .

Isotretinoin is a retinoid and works by binding to specific receptors in the nucleus of skin cells. This causes changes in gene expression that result in decreased sebum production, reduced inflammation, and prevention of comedones formation.

But wait… what are Comedones?

Comedones are pills (clogged hair follicles) which can occur when dead skin and oil build up on your face. They can open or closed(called Whiteheads). Closed ones cause inflamed acne (pimples).

Other Properties

While isotretinoin is most well-known for its acne fighting properties, it actually has some other interesting biological effects as well!

Anti-inflammatory Effects

One study found that isotretinoin may have anti-inflammatory effects beyond just reducing inflammation from acne. It was shown to decrease the production of certain cytokines involved in immune responses.

DNA Damage Protection

Another study suggested that isotretinoin may have protective effects against UV-induced DNA damage thanks to its antioxidant properties.

Interesting Facts

Let’s end with some fun facts about isotretinoin:

  • It was almost never approved: When Accutane (the brand name for isotretinion) was first submitted to the FDA for approval, it was rejected due to concerns over potential birth defects.
  • It’s really good at treating cancer too!: While we primarily think of it as an acne medication , Isotreninin also been used off label successfully treat certain types cancers such as neuroblastoma (a type o childhood cancer)
  • The cost varies wildly here: In different countries You might pay between $10 -$1000 depending on where you’re located. Always export before buying

Now you know all there is to know about this magical molecule called isotrienion, isn’t science fascinating?. Well..until next time folks! Keep smiling and don’t forget to keep your skin clean!(:

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