Psoriasis is a skin condition that affects approximately 2-3% of the population. It is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes skin cells to grow rapidly, leading to the formation of dry, red, and scaly patches on the skin. Among the different types of psoriasis, chronic plaque psoriasis is the most common one. In this article, we will cover the major aspects of chronic plaque psoriasis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatments.
Causes of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Chronic plaque psoriasis is caused by an overactive immune system. In a normal immune system, T cells are responsible for protecting the body against infections and diseases. However, in people with chronic plaque psoriasis, T cells mistakenly attack healthy skin cells, causing inflammation, and the formation of a characteristic plaque on the skin. The exact cause of this immune system malfunction is not yet known, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Symptoms of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Appearance of Psoriasis Plaques
One of the hallmark features of chronic plaque psoriasis is the appearance of thick, red, and scaly patches on the skin. These patches, also known as plaques, can occur anywhere on the body, but they most commonly appear on the knees, elbows, scalp, and lower back. The plaques can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters across and can be very itchy or painful.
Pitting and Ridging of Nails
In addition to skin plaques, chronic plaque psoriasis can also cause changes in the nails. The nails may develop small pinpoint depressions, called pits, or horizontal ridges that run across the nail plate.
Joint Pain and Swelling
In some cases, chronic plaque psoriasis can also affect the joints, leading to a condition called psoriatic arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis can cause joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, especially in the fingers and toes.
Diagnosis of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
There is no specific test to diagnose chronic plaque psoriasis. The diagnosis is usually based on the appearance of the skin plaques and the patient’s medical history. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Topical Medications
For mild to moderate cases of chronic plaque psoriasis, topical medications such as corticosteroids, retinoids, vitamin D analogs, and coal tar may be used to reduce inflammation and improve the appearance of the skin.
Phototherapy
For more severe cases, phototherapy may be used. Phototherapy involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light, which can help slow down the growth of skin cells and reduce inflammation.
Systemic Medications
In severe cases, systemic medications such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, or biologics may be prescribed. These medications work by suppressing the immune system to reduce inflammation and prevent the growth of skin cells.
Prevention and Management of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Lifestyle Changes
Some lifestyle changes may help to reduce the severity of chronic plaque psoriasis symptoms. These changes include quitting smoking, reducing stress, getting regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Moisturizers
Using moisturizers regularly can help to prevent dry skin, which can trigger psoriasis symptoms. Look for moisturizers that are free from fragrances and other harsh chemicals.
Avoid Triggers
People with chronic plaque psoriasis may have triggers that worsen their symptoms. Common triggers include stress, infections, injuries to the skin, and certain medications. Avoiding these triggers may help to reduce the frequency and severity of flare-ups.
Complications of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Joint Damage
Over time, chronic plaque psoriasis can cause joint damage, especially in people with psoriatic arthritis.
Emotional Impact
Living with chronic plaque psoriasis can be emotionally challenging, as the physical symptoms can lead to embarrassment, anxiety, and depression.
Conclusion
Chronic plaque psoriasis is a common autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and joints. It is caused by an overactive immune system that attacks healthy skin cells, leading to the formation of thick, red, and scaly patches on the skin. Although there is no cure for chronic plaque psoriasis, there are several treatments available to manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. If you are experiencing symptoms of chronic plaque psoriasis, it is important to see a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.
FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions
- What Is Chronic Plaque Psoriasis? Chronic plaque psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes skin cells to grow rapidly, leading to the formation of dry, red, and scaly patches on the skin.
- What Causes Chronic Plaque Psoriasis? Chronic plaque psoriasis is caused by an overactive immune system. The exact cause of this immune system malfunction is not yet known but is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
- What Are the Symptoms of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis? The symptoms of chronic plaque psoriasis include the appearance of thick, red, and scaly patches on the skin, pitting and ridging of nails, joint pain, and swelling.
- How Is Chronic Plaque Psoriasis Diagnosed? There is no specific test to diagnose chronic plaque psoriasis. The diagnosis is usually based on the appearance of the skin plaques and the patient’s medical history.
- What Are the Available Treatments for Chronic Plaque Psoriasis? The available treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis include topical medications, phototherapy, and systemic medications such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, or biologics.