Understanding Yeast Infection
Yeast infections are very common among women, affecting about 75% of all women at least once in their lives. Yeast infection or candidiasis is caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida. Normal levels of Candida are present in the vagina, but certain factors such as pregnancy, antibiotics, and diabetes can cause an overgrowth. Common symptoms of yeast infection include itching, burning, and discharge. Some women may even experience pain during intercourse.
Identifying the Causes
Knowing what causes yeast infection is the first step to preventing and controlling it. The following are some common causes of yeast infection:
- Antibiotics: taking antibiotics, which kill the good bacteria in the vagina, allowing Candida to grow unchecked.
- Pregnancy: changes in hormones can affect the pH levels of the vagina, making it more susceptible to infection.
- High blood sugar levels: uncontrolled diabetes can cause yeast infections as Candida thrives on high sugar levels.
- Sexual activity: sexual activity can introduce new bacteria into the vagina, disrupting the natural balance and allowing for overgrowth.
Treating the Infection
Yeast infections can be treated using over-the-counter antifungal medications such as miconazole, clotrimazole, and tioconazole. These medications come in the form of creams, tablets, and suppositories. Always follow the instructions on the packaging and complete the course of treatment even if your symptoms disappear.
Home Remedies
If you prefer home remedies, here are some you can try:
- Yogurt: applying plain, unsweetened yogurt to the vagina can help restore the natural balance of bacteria. You can also eat yogurt with live and active cultures.
- Boric acid: inserting boric acid capsules into the vagina can help control yeast infections. Boric acid has antifungal properties and can reduce inflammation.
- Tea tree oil: diluting tea tree oil with coconut oil or another carrier oil and applying it to the affected area can help relieve itching and burning.
- Garlic: eating garlic can help control yeast infections. You can also insert a garlic clove into the vagina overnight.
Preventive Measures
The following tips can help prevent yeast infections:
- Wear loose-fitting clothes and cotton underwear to allow your vagina to breathe.
- Avoid wearing tight pants and thongs as they can trap moisture and heat.
- Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to avoid introducing bacteria into the vagina.
- Avoid perfumed and scented products such as pads, tampons, and douches as they can irritate the vagina and disrupt its natural balance.
When to See a Doctor
While most yeast infections can be treated at home, you should see a doctor if:
- Your symptoms are severe or recurring.
- You are pregnant.
- You have diabetes or another health condition that affects your immune system.
- You experience pain during sex or urination.
Conclusion
Yeast infections can be uncomfortable and even painful, but they can be prevented and controlled. Follow the preventive measures, try home remedies or medications, and don’t hesitate to see a doctor if necessary.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is a yeast infection? Yeast infection or candidiasis is an overgrowth of Candida in the vagina.
- What causes yeast infection? Yeast infections can be caused by antibiotics, pregnancy, high blood sugar levels, and sexual activity.
- How are yeast infections treated? Yeast infections can be treated using over-the-counter antifungal medications or home remedies such as yogurt, boric acid, tea tree oil, and garlic.
- How can I prevent yeast infections? You can prevent yeast infections by wearing loose-fitting clothes, wiping from front to back, avoiding perfumed products, and taking measures to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria.
- When should I see a doctor for a yeast infection? You should see a doctor if you experience severe or recurring symptoms, have diabetes or another health condition, or experience pain during sex or urination.
References
Schaffir, J. (2011). Vaginal candidiasis. Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinics, 38(2), 255-269.
Sobel, J. D. (2016). Vaginitis: overview and implications in pregnancy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 215(4), S17-S21.
Rodrigues, M. E., Gomes, F., & Nader, M. (2019). Candidiasis vaginal infection: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Microorganisms, 7(3), 78.